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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1823 | - 1823—1823: New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session
- 1823—1823: Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes
- 1823—1823: Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School
- 1823—1823: Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh
- 2 December 1823—2 December 1823: US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in
future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
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| 2 | 1824 | - 1824—1824: RSPCA established
- 1824—1824: Portland cement patented
- 4 March 1824—4 March 1824: Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854)
- 10 May 1824—10 May 1824: National Gallery in London opens to the public
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| 3 | 1825 | - 27 September 1825—27 September 1825: Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
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| 4 | 1827 | - 1827—1827: Ohm's Law published
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| 5 | 1828 | - 25 October 1828—25 October 1828: St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
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| 6 | 1829 | - 1829—1829: London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed 'Bobbies' after Sir Robert Peel
- 1829—1829: Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind
- 10 June 1829—10 June 1829: First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race
- 6 October 1829—6 October 1829: George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to
complete the trial!)
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| 7 | 1830 | - 1830—1830: Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and
Belgium
- July 1830—July 1830: Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons ? Louis Philippe (the
Citizen King) on the throne
- 15 September 1830—15 September 1830: George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of
Wellington ? first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a
leading politician, is run over!
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| 8 | 1831 | - 1831—1831: A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled
- 1 June 1831—1 June 1831: James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole
- 1 August 1831—1 August 1831: 'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) ? old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
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| 9 | 1832 | - 1832—1832: Electoral Registers introduced
- 1832—1832: Electric telegraph invented by Morse
- 7 June 1832—7 June 1832: Reform Bill passed ? Representation of the People Act
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| 10 | 1833 | - January 1833—January 1833: Britain invades the Falkland Islands
- 29 August 1833—29 August 1833: Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
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| 11 | 1834 | - 1834—1834: Babbage invents forerunner of the computer
- 18 March 1834—18 March 1834: 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities
- 1 May 1834—1 May 1834: Slavery abolished in British possessions
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| 12 | 1835 | - 1835—1835: Christmas becomes a national holiday
- 1835—1835: First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway
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| 13 | 1836 | - 1836—1836: First Potato famine in Ireland
- 30 January 1836—30 January 1836: Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened ? considered the world's first modern suspension bridge
- 25 February 1836—25 February 1836: Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver'
- 6 March 1836—6 March 1836: The Alamo falls to Mexican troops - death of Davy Crockett
- July 1836—July 1836: Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
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| 14 | 1837 | - 1837—1837: Pitman introduces his shorthand system
- 1837—1837: P&O Founded
- 20 June 1837—20 June 1837: William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)
- 1 July 1837—1 July 1837: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales -
Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same
boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834
- 13 July 1837—13 July 1837: Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace
- 20 July 1837—20 July 1837: Euston Railway station opens - first in London
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| 15 | 1838 | - 28 June 1838—28 June 1838: Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
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| 16 | 1839 | - 1839—1839: First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong
- 1839—1839: Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a
mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern
Sense
- 1839—1839: Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
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| 17 | 1840 | - 1840—1840: Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain
- 1840—1840: Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed
elsewhere)
- 10 January 1840—10 January 1840: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
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| 18 | 1841 | - 1841—1841: Thomas Cook starts package tours
- 10 February 1841—10 February 1841: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp
- 6 June 1841—6 June 1841: June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)
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| 19 | 1842 | - 1842—1842: Income Tax reintroduced in Britain
- 30 March 1842—30 March 1842: Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America)
- 29 August 1842—29 August 1842: Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong
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| 20 | 1843 | - 1843—1843: First Christmas card in England
- 27 May 1843—27 May 1843: The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London
- 19 July 1843—19 July 1843: Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
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| 21 | 1844 | - 6 June 1844—6 June 1844: YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
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| 22 | 1845 | - 1845—1845: Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)
- 17 March 1845—17 March 1845: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
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| 23 | 1846 | - 10 September 1846—10 September 1846: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
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| 24 | 1847 | - 1847—1847: US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre
- January 1847—January 1847: An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
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| 25 | 1848 | - 1848—1848: First commercial production of chewing gum
- 24 January 1848—24 January 1848: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush
- 11 July 1848—11 July 1848: Waterloo railway station in London opens
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| 26 | 1849 | - 1849—1849: Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally
occurred in 1971!
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| 27 | 1851 | - 1851—1851: Gold discovered in Australia
- 1 May 1851—1 May 1851: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
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| 28 | 1852 | - 1852—1852: Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement
- 1852—1852: Wells Fargo established in USA
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| 29 | 1853 | - 1853—1853: Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
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| 30 | 1854 | - 1854—1854: Cigarettes introduced into Britain
- 27 March 1854—27 March 1854: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)
- 25 October 1854—25 October 1854: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
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| 31 | 1856 | - 1856—1856: End of Crimean War
- 29 January 1856—29 January 1856: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts
during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
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| 32 | 1857 | - 1857—1857: Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable
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| 33 | 1858 | - 1858—1858: 'The great stink' - smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work
- 1858—1858: Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
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| 34 | 1859 | - 1859—1859: Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain
- 25 April 1859—25 April 1859: Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869)
- 4 May 1859—4 May 1859: Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon
and Cornwall
- 24 November 1859—24 November 1859: Charles Darwin publishes 'The Origin of Species'
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| 35 | 1860 | - 29 August 1860—29 August 1860: First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
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| 36 | 1861 | - 25 May 1861—25 May 1861: American Civil War begins
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| 37 | 1862 | - 1862—1862: Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks)
- 20 April 1862—20 April 1862: First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
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| 38 | 1863 | - 1863—1863: Football Association founded (UK)
- 1863—1863: Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England
- 10 January 1863—10 January 1863: First section of the London Underground Railway opens
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| 39 | 1864 | - 1864—1864: A man-powered submarine, 'Hunley' sank a Federal steam ship USS Housatonic at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 - the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship
- 11 March 1864—11 March 1864: The Great Sheffield Flood - over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time
- 20 August 1864—20 August 1864: Red Cross established - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention
- 8 December 1864—8 December 1864: Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened
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| 40 | 1865 | - 1865—1865: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908]
- 1865—1865: First concrete roads built in Britain
- 14 April 1865—14 April 1865: End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA
- 14 April 1865—14 April 1865: Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth
- 5 July 1865—5 July 1865: William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
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| 41 | 1867 | - 1 July 1867—1 July 1867: The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
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| 42 | 1868 | - 1868—1868: Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)
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| 43 | 1869 | - 1869—1869: Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented
- 23 November 1869—23 November 1869: Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
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| 44 | 1870 | - 1870—1870: GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised)
- 1870—1870: Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children
- 1870—1870: Water closets come into wide use
- 1870—1870: Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa
- 1 October 1870—1 October 1870: First British postcard - halfpenny post
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| 45 | 1871 | - 27 March 1871—27 March 1871: First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh
- 29 March 1871—29 March 1871: Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London
- 29 June 1871—29 June 1871: Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
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| 46 | 1872 | - 1872—1872: Licensing hours introduced
- 1872—1872: Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales)
- 4 December 1872—4 December 1872: American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean
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| 47 | 1874 | - 1874—1874: Factory Act introduces 56-hour week
- 5 April 1874—5 April 1874: Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
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| 48 | 1875 | - 1875—1875: London's main sewage system completed
- 1 January 1875—1 January 1875: Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
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| 49 | 1876 | - 14 February 1876—14 February 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights
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| 50 | 1877 | - 1877—1877: Edison invents microphone and phonograph
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| 51 | 1878 | - 1878—1878: Edison & Swan invent electric lamp
- 1878—1878: Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph
- 1878—1878: CID established at New Scotland Yard
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| 52 | 1879 | - 18 September 1879—18 September 1879: Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
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| 53 | 1880 | - 1880—1880: Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds
- 1880—1880: Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria
- 2 August 1880—2 August 1880: Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
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| 54 | 1881 | - 1881—1881: Postal Orders introduced
- 1881—1881: Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy
- September 1881—September 1881: Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity
supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904)
- 26 October 1881—26 October 1881: Gunfight at OK Corral
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| 55 | 1882 | - 1882—1882: Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed
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| 56 | 1883 | - 1883—1883: Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France
- 24 May 1883—24 May 1883: Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River)
- 1 August 1883—1 August 1883: Parcel post starts in Britain
- 27 August 1883—27 August 1883: Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave
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| 57 | 1884 | - 31 May 1884—31 May 1884: John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes
- 13 October 1884—13 October 1884: Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
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| 58 | 1885 | - 1885—1885: Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car
- 1885—1885: Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle
- 1885—1885: Eastman makes first coated photographic paper
- 1885—1885: Canadian Pacific Railway completed
- March 1885—March 1885: First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking
- 5 September 1885—5 September 1885: The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel
- 29 September 1885—29 September 1885: First electric tramcar used at Blackpool
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| 59 | 1886 | - 20 January 1886—20 January 1886: Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales
- May 1886—May 1886: Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named 'Coca-Cola'
- 29 May 1886—29 May 1886: Putney Bridge opens in London
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| 60 | 1887 | - 1887—1887: Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car
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| 61 | 1888 | - 1888—1888: Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace
- 1888—1888: Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year
- 1888—1888: County Councils set up in Britain
- 1888—1888: Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre
- 1888—1888: First box camera - George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent
for his camera which uses roll film
- 20 March 1888—20 March 1888: Football League formed
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| 62 | 1889 | - 1889—1889: Celluloid film produced
- 1889—1889: Dock Strike - docker's won their 'Docker's Tanner' 6 old pennies
- 31 March 1889—31 March 1889: Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution)
- 14 May 1889—14 May 1889: Children's charity NSPCC launched in London
- 3 June 1889—3 June 1889: Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast
- 28 September 1889—28 September 1889: Length of a metre defined
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| 63 | 1890 | - 4 March 1890—4 March 1890: Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build
- 4 November 1890—4 November 1890: City & South London Railway opens - London's first deep-level tube railway
and first major railway in the world to use electric traction
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| 64 | 1891 | - 1891—1891: Primary education made free and compulsory
- 18 March 1891—18 March 1891: First telephone link between London & Paris
- 4 May 1891—4 May 1891: Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893)
- 24 August 1891—24 August 1891: Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera
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1823 - 1891 (68 years) 
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