Timeline: Frances SHAW: The Housemans of Nidderdale

The Housemans of Nidderdale
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1795 -

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Timeline

Frances SHAW (1795 - )

	Date	Event(s)
1	1795	1795—1795: The Famine Year 1795—1795: Foundation of the Orange Order 1795—1795: Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815) far outstripped wage rises - many small farmers were bankrupted by the move towards enclosures and became landless labourers - their wages were often pitifully low 1795—1795: Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture. 1795—1795: Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy
2	1796	1796—1796: Pitt's Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate 1796—1796: Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and grandparents 14 May 1796—14 May 1796: Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England
3	1797	1797—1797: England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments 1797—1797: Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore 1797—1797: Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publications 1797—1797: The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to the coining press 22 February 1797—22 February 1797: French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later 26 February 1797—26 February 1797: First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England
4	1798	1798—1798: First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner February 1798—February 1798: The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct) 1 August 1798—1 August 1798: Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
5	1799	1799—1799: Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York 1799—1799: Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain 9 January 1799—9 January 1799: Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure 12 July 1799—12 July 1799: 'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations 15 July 1799—15 July 1799: ?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
6	1800	1800—1800: Electric light first produced by Sir Humphrey Davy 1800—1800: Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) 1800—1800: Royal College of Surgeons founded 1800—1800: Herschel discovers infra-red light 1800—1800: Volta makes first electrical battery 2 July 1800—2 July 1800: Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland
7	1801	1801—1801: Grand Union Canal opens in England 1801—1801: Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London 1 January 1801—1 January 1801: Union Jack becomes the official British flag 10 March 1801—10 March 1801: First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000. Population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural) 24 December 1801—24 December 1801: Richard Trevithick built the first self-propelled passenger carrying road loco
8	1802	25 March 1802—25 March 1802: Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondence across the English Channel became possible again
9	1803	1803—1803: Poaching made a Capital offense in England if capture resisted 1803—1803: Richard Trevithick built another steam carriage and ran it in London as the first self-propelled vehicle in the capital and the first London bus 1803—1803: Semaphore signaling perfected by Admiral Popham 30 April 1803—30 April 1803: Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon sells French possessions in America to United States 12 May 1803—12 May 1803: Peace of Amiens ends ? resumption of war with France ? The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5) 23 July 1803—23 July 1803: First public railway opens (Surrey Iron Railway, 9 miles from Wandsworth to Croydon, horse-drawn)
10	1804	1804—1804: Matthew Flinders recommends that the newly discovered country, New Holland, be renamed 'Australia' 21 February 1804—21 February 1804: Richard Trevithick runs his railway engine on the Penydarren Railway (9.5 miles from Pen-y-Darren to Abercynon in South Wales) this hauled a train with 10 tons of iron and 70 passengers. It was commemorated by the Royal Mint in 2004 in the form of A ?2 coin. 3 March 1804—3 March 1804: John Wedgwood (eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood) founds The Royal Horticultural Society 2 December 1804—2 December 1804: Napoleon declares himself Emperor of the French 12 December 1804—12 December 1804: Spain declares war on Britain
11	1805	1805—1805: London docks opened 21 October 1805—21 October 1805: Admiral Nelson's victory at Trafalgar 2 December 1805—2 December 1805: Battle of Austerlitz; Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians
12	1806	1806—1806: Dartmoor Prison opened (built by French prisoners) 9 January 1806—9 January 1806: Nelson buried in St Paul's cathedral, London
13	1807	25 March 1807—25 March 1807: Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 ? but does not prohibit colonial slavery
14	1808	1808—1808: Gas lighting in London streets 13 July 1808—13 July 1808: 'Hot Wednesday' ? temperature of 101?F in the shade recorded in London 20 December 1808—20 December 1808: Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna
15	1809	12 February 1809—12 February 1809: Birth of Charles Darwin 18 September 1809—18 September 1809: Royal Opera House opens in London
16	1810	1810—1810: John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of road metalling
17	1811	5 February 1811—5 February 1811: Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane
18	1812	11 May 1812—11 May 1812: Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged 18 June 1812—18 June 1812: Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada October 1812—October 1812: Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses
19	1813	1813—1813: Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast 1813—1813: Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'
20	1814	1 January 1814—1 January 1814: Invasion of France by Allies 6 April 1814—6 April 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba 13 August 1814—13 August 1814: Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch 24 August 1814—24 August 1814: The British burn the White House 29 November 1814—29 November 1814: 'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour) 24 December 1814—24 December 1814: Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US
21	1815	1815—1815: Trial by Jury established in Scotland 1815—1815: Davy develops the safety lamp for miners 18 June 1815—18 June 1815: The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
22	1816	1816—1816: Income tax abolished 1816—1816: For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially below their face value ? the first official 'token' coinage 1816—1816: Climate: the 'year without a summer' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years 1816—1816: Large scale emigration to North America 1816—1816: Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
23	1817	1817—1817: March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended 1817—1817: Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'
24	1818	1818—1818: Manchester cotton spinners' strike 20 October 1818—20 October 1818: 'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length
25	1819	1819—1819: Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular 1819—1819: Britain returns to gold standard 1819—1819: Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles May 1819—May 1819: SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days mostly under sail) 16 August 1819—16 August 1819: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
26	1820	1820—1820: Cato Street Conspiracy ? plot to assissinate British cabinet 1820—1820: Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition 29 January 1820—29 January 1820: Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent 1 August 1820—1 August 1820: Regent's Canal in London opens 17 August 1820—17 August 1820: Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her ? George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her ? Caroline is virtually acquitted because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
27	1821	1821—1821: Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation' 1821—1821: Constable paints 'The Hay Wain' 5 May 1821—5 May 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
28	1822	14 June 1822—14 June 1822: Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
29	1823	1823—1823: New laws concerning marriage by license ? 'very troublesome' according to some the Act was repealed all in a hurry at the beginning of the next session 1823—1823: Peel begins penal reforms ? death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes 1823—1823: Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School 1823—1823: Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh 2 December 1823—2 December 1823: US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
30	1824	1824—1824: RSPCA established 1824—1824: Portland cement patented 4 March 1824—4 March 1824: Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854) 10 May 1824—10 May 1824: National Gallery in London opens to the public
31	1825	27 September 1825—27 September 1825: Stockton to Darlington Railway opens ? world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
32	1827	1827—1827: Ohm's Law published
33	1828	25 October 1828—25 October 1828: St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
34	1829	1829—1829: London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed 'Bobbies' after Sir Robert Peel 1829—1829: Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind 10 June 1829—10 June 1829: First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race 6 October 1829—6 October 1829: George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to complete the trial!)
35	1830	1830—1830: Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and Belgium July 1830—July 1830: Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons ? Louis Philippe (the Citizen King) on the throne 15 September 1830—15 September 1830: George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of Wellington ? first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a leading politician, is run over!
36	1831	1831—1831: A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled 1 June 1831—1 June 1831: James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole 1 August 1831—1 August 1831: 'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) ? old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
37	1832	1832—1832: Electoral Registers introduced 1832—1832: Electric telegraph invented by Morse 7 June 1832—7 June 1832: Reform Bill passed ? Representation of the People Act
38	1833	January 1833—January 1833: Britain invades the Falkland Islands 29 August 1833—29 August 1833: Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
39	1834	1834—1834: Babbage invents forerunner of the computer 18 March 1834—18 March 1834: 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities 1 May 1834—1 May 1834: Slavery abolished in British possessions
40	1835	1835—1835: Christmas becomes a national holiday 1835—1835: First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway
41	1836	1836—1836: First Potato famine in Ireland 30 January 1836—30 January 1836: Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened ? considered the world's first modern suspension bridge 25 February 1836—25 February 1836: Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver' 6 March 1836—6 March 1836: The Alamo falls to Mexican troops - death of Davy Crockett July 1836—July 1836: Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
42	1837	1837—1837: Pitman introduces his shorthand system 1837—1837: P&O Founded 20 June 1837—20 June 1837: William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901) 1 July 1837—1 July 1837: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales - Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834 13 July 1837—13 July 1837: Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace 20 July 1837—20 July 1837: Euston Railway station opens - first in London
43	1838	28 June 1838—28 June 1838: Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
44	1839	1839—1839: First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong 1839—1839: Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern Sense 1839—1839: Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
45	1840	1840—1840: Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain 1840—1840: Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed elsewhere) 10 January 1840—10 January 1840: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
46	1841	1841—1841: Thomas Cook starts package tours 10 February 1841—10 February 1841: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp 6 June 1841—6 June 1841: June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)
47	1842	1842—1842: Income Tax reintroduced in Britain 30 March 1842—30 March 1842: Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America) 29 August 1842—29 August 1842: Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong
48	1843	1843—1843: First Christmas card in England 27 May 1843—27 May 1843: The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London 19 July 1843—19 July 1843: Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
49	1844	6 June 1844—6 June 1844: YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
50	1845	1845—1845: Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham) 17 March 1845—17 March 1845: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
51	1846	10 September 1846—10 September 1846: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
52	1847	1847—1847: US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre January 1847—January 1847: An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
53	1848	1848—1848: First commercial production of chewing gum 24 January 1848—24 January 1848: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush 11 July 1848—11 July 1848: Waterloo railway station in London opens
54	1849	1849—1849: Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally occurred in 1971!
55	1851	1851—1851: Gold discovered in Australia 1 May 1851—1 May 1851: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
56	1852	1852—1852: Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement 1852—1852: Wells Fargo established in USA
57	1853	1853—1853: Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
58	1854	1854—1854: Cigarettes introduced into Britain 27 March 1854—27 March 1854: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War) 25 October 1854—25 October 1854: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
59	1856	1856—1856: End of Crimean War 29 January 1856—29 January 1856: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
60	1857	1857—1857: Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable
61	1858	1858—1858: 'The great stink' - smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work 1858—1858: Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
62	1859	1859—1859: Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain 25 April 1859—25 April 1859: Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869) 4 May 1859—4 May 1859: Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon and Cornwall 24 November 1859—24 November 1859: Charles Darwin publishes 'The Origin of Species'
63	1860	29 August 1860—29 August 1860: First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
64	1861	25 May 1861—25 May 1861: American Civil War begins
65	1862	1862—1862: Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks) 20 April 1862—20 April 1862: First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
66	1863	1863—1863: Football Association founded (UK) 1863—1863: Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England 10 January 1863—10 January 1863: First section of the London Underground Railway opens
67	1864	1864—1864: A man-powered submarine, 'Hunley' sank a Federal steam ship USS Housatonic at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 - the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship 11 March 1864—11 March 1864: The Great Sheffield Flood - over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time 20 August 1864—20 August 1864: Red Cross established - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention 8 December 1864—8 December 1864: Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened
68	1865	1865—1865: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908] 1865—1865: First concrete roads built in Britain 14 April 1865—14 April 1865: End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA 14 April 1865—14 April 1865: Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth 5 July 1865—5 July 1865: William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
69	1867	1 July 1867—1 July 1867: The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
70	1868	1868—1868: Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)
71	1869	1869—1869: Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented 23 November 1869—23 November 1869: Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
72	1870	1870—1870: GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised) 1870—1870: Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children 1870—1870: Water closets come into wide use 1870—1870: Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa 1 October 1870—1 October 1870: First British postcard - halfpenny post
73	1871	27 March 1871—27 March 1871: First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh 29 March 1871—29 March 1871: Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London 29 June 1871—29 June 1871: Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
74	1872	1872—1872: Licensing hours introduced 1872—1872: Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales) 4 December 1872—4 December 1872: American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean
75	1874	1874—1874: Factory Act introduces 56-hour week 5 April 1874—5 April 1874: Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
76	1875	1875—1875: London's main sewage system completed 1 January 1875—1 January 1875: Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
77	1876	14 February 1876—14 February 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights
78	1877	1877—1877: Edison invents microphone and phonograph
79	1878	1878—1878: Edison & Swan invent electric lamp 1878—1878: Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph 1878—1878: CID established at New Scotland Yard
80	1879	18 September 1879—18 September 1879: Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
81	1880	1880—1880: Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds 1880—1880: Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria 2 August 1880—2 August 1880: Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
82	1881	1881—1881: Postal Orders introduced 1881—1881: Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy September 1881—September 1881: Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904) 26 October 1881—26 October 1881: Gunfight at OK Corral
83	1882	1882—1882: Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed
84	1883	1883—1883: Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France 24 May 1883—24 May 1883: Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River) 1 August 1883—1 August 1883: Parcel post starts in Britain 27 August 1883—27 August 1883: Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave
85	1884	31 May 1884—31 May 1884: John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes 13 October 1884—13 October 1884: Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
86	1885	1885—1885: Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car 1885—1885: Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle 1885—1885: Eastman makes first coated photographic paper 1885—1885: Canadian Pacific Railway completed March 1885—March 1885: First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking 5 September 1885—5 September 1885: The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel 29 September 1885—29 September 1885: First electric tramcar used at Blackpool
87	1886	20 January 1886—20 January 1886: Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales May 1886—May 1886: Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named 'Coca-Cola' 29 May 1886—29 May 1886: Putney Bridge opens in London
88	1887	1887—1887: Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car
89	1888	1888—1888: Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace 1888—1888: Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year 1888—1888: County Councils set up in Britain 1888—1888: Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre 1888—1888: First box camera - George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film 20 March 1888—20 March 1888: Football League formed
90	1889	1889—1889: Celluloid film produced 1889—1889: Dock Strike - docker's won their 'Docker's Tanner' 6 old pennies 31 March 1889—31 March 1889: Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution) 14 May 1889—14 May 1889: Children's charity NSPCC launched in London 3 June 1889—3 June 1889: Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast 28 September 1889—28 September 1889: Length of a metre defined
91	1890	4 March 1890—4 March 1890: Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build 4 November 1890—4 November 1890: City & South London Railway opens - London's first deep-level tube railway and first major railway in the world to use electric traction
92	1891	1891—1891: Primary education made free and compulsory 18 March 1891—18 March 1891: First telephone link between London & Paris 4 May 1891—4 May 1891: Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893) 24 August 1891—24 August 1891: Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera
93	1892	1892—1892: Electric oven invented 1892—1892: Shop Hours Act - limit 74 hours per week for under-18's 6 October 1892—6 October 1892: Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere
94	1893	1893—1893: Henry Ford's first car 1893—1893: Zip fastener invented
95	1894	1894—1894: Picture postcard introduced in Britain 1 January 1894—1 January 1894: Manchester Ship Canal opens 1 March 1894—1 March 1894: Blackpool Tower opens 30 June 1894—30 June 1894: Tower Bridge first opens 2 August 1894—2 August 1894: Death duties first introduced in Britain
96	1895	1895—1895: Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London 12 January 1895—12 January 1895: The National Trust founded in England 24 May 1895—24 May 1895: Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted 28 May 1895—28 May 1895: Oscar Wilde sent to prison 12 July 1895—12 July 1895: First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain 17 October 1895—17 October 1895: First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences - John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey November 1895—November 1895: X-rays discovered
97	1896	5 April 1896—5 April 1896: First modern Olympic Games held in Athens 2 June 1896—2 June 1896: Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio
98	1897	1897—1897: Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector
99	1898	1898—1898: First photograph using artificial light 1898—1898: Zeppelin builds airship 1898—1898: Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company founded 17 March 1898—17 March 1898: USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine 27 June 1898—27 June 1898: The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by Joshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895)
100	1899	6 March 1899—6 March 1899: Aspirin first marketed by Bayer 11 October 1899—11 October 1899: Start of Second Boer War
101	1900	1900—1900: School leaving age in Britain raised to 14 years 1900—1900: Central Line opens in London: underground is electrified 1900—1900: Escalator shown at Paris exhibition 9 February 1900—9 February 1900: Davis Cup tennis competition established 27 February 1900—27 February 1900: Labour Party formed
102	1901	1901—1901: Commonwealth of Australia founded 1901—1901: Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner 22 January 1901—22 January 1901: Queen Victoria dies - Edward VII king 2 February 1901—2 February 1901: Queen Victoria's funeral - interred beside Prince Albert in the Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park June 1901—June 1901: Denunciation of use of concentration camps by British in Boer War 2 October 1901—2 October 1901: Britain's first submarine launched 12 December 1901—12 December 1901: First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi - Morse code from Cornwall to Newfoundland
103	1902	1902—1902: Balfour's Education Act provides for secondary education 1902—1902: Cremation Act - cremation can only take place at officially recognised establishments, and with two death certificates issued 1902—1902: Marie Curie discovers radioactivity 24 May 1902—24 May 1902: Empire Day (later Commonwealth Day) first celebrated 31 May 1902—31 May 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging ends Second Boer War 9 August 1902—9 August 1902: Coronation of Edward VII
104	1903	1903—1903: Workers' Education Association (WEA) formed in Britain 1903—1903: Women's Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Emmeline Pankhurst 1903—1903: Henry Ford sets up his motor company 14 December 1903—14 December 1903: First flight of Wilbur & Orville Wright
105	1904	1904—1904: Leeds University established 8 April 1904—8 April 1904: France and UK sign the Entente Cordiale 4 May 1904—4 May 1904: America takes over construction of the Panama Canal from the French (completed 1914)
106	1905	1905—1905: The title 'Prime Minister' noted in a royal warrant for the first time - placed the Prime Minister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York 1905—1905: Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration 1905—1905: Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship 11 April 1905—11 April 1905: Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity